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dc.contributor.authorBorgonie, Gaetan
dc.contributor.authorMagnabosco, Cara
dc.contributor.authorGarcia-Moyano, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorLinage-Alvarez, Borja
dc.contributor.authorOjo, Abidemi Oluranti
dc.contributor.authorFreese, Leanne Brenda
dc.contributor.authorvan Jaarsveld, Charl
dc.contributor.authorVan Rooyen, Christelle
dc.contributor.authorKuloyo, Olukayode
dc.contributor.authorCason, Errol Duncan
dc.contributor.authorVermeulen, J.
dc.contributor.authorPienaar, C.
dc.contributor.authorvan Heerden, Esta
dc.contributor.authorLollar, Barbara Sherwood
dc.contributor.authorOnstott, Tullis C.
dc.contributor.authorMundle, Scott O.C.
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-26T14:12:50Z
dc.date.available2020-03-26T14:12:50Z
dc.date.created2019-06-12T10:40:13Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2648921
dc.description.abstractEukarya have been discovered in the deep subsurface at several locations in South Africa, but how organisms reach the subsurface remains unknown. We studied river-subsurface fissure water systems and identified Eukarya from a river that are genetically identical for 18S rDNA. To further confirm that these are identical species one metazoan species recovered from the overlying river interbred successfully with specimen recovered from an underlying mine at −1.4 km. In situ seismic simulation experiments were carried out and show seismic activity to be a major force increasing the hydraulic conductivity in faults allowing organisms to create ecosystems in the deep subsurface. As seismic activity is a non-selective force we recovered specimen of algae and Insecta that defy any obvious other explanation at a depth of −3.4 km. Our results show there is a steady flow of surface organisms to the deep subsurface where some survive and adapt and others perish. As seismic activity is also present on other planets and moons in our solar system the mechanism elucidated here may be relevant for future search and selection of landing sites in planetary exploration.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
dc.titleNew ecosystems in the deep subsurface follow the flow of water driven by geological activity
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.qualitycode1
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-019-39699-w
dc.identifier.cristin1704247
dc.source.journalScientific Reports
dc.source.volume9


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