| dc.description.abstract | There is today a strong effort in developing fuel cell / battery systems for ship propulsion to achieve zero-emission maritime transport, in accordance with UN sustainability goals and the Fit For 55 plan to achieve the climate goals agreed by the EU Council and the European Parliament. Critical for successful implementation of fuel cell / battery systems are system design and control during operation. Fuel cells and batteries have ideal operating ranges. Use outside of this range will cause degradation, impacting system lifecycle. Fuel cell / battery systems are used for transport today but applying such systems for maritime transport requires significant upscaling. Cars typically have a power of 100 to 300 kW, while ocean going ships require tens of MW of power to handle the loads required. To achieve such system capacity, systems are assembled with multiple fuel cells and batteries in stacks. A better understanding of the effect of such upscaling, and system dynamics with respect to load, is therefore required for successful implementation of fuel cell / battery systems for maritime transport. This paper discusses fuel cell types, methods and models applicable for this purpose. | |
