• Deep-Reaching Global Ocean Overturning Circulation Generated by Surface Buoyancy Forcing 

      Klocker, Andreas; Munday, David; Gayen, Bishakhdatta; Roquet, Fabien; Lacasce, Joseph Henry (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      In contrast with the atmosphere, which is heated from below by solar radiation, the ocean is both heated and cooled from above. To drive a deep-reaching overturning circulation in this context, it is generally assumed that ...
    • A Stochastic Covariance Shrinkage Approach in Ensemble Transform Kalman Filtering 

      Popov, Andrey A.; Sandu, Adrian; Nino-Ruiz, Elias D.; Evensen, Geir (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The Ensemble Kalman Filters (EnKF) employ a Monte-Carlo approach to represent covariance information, and are affected by sampling errors in operational settings where the number of model realizations is much smaller than ...