The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period in which the atmospheric CO2 concentration was approximately equal to the concentration we measure today (ca. 400 ppm). Sea surface temperature ...

Mathematical models were developed to predict biomass and hydrocarbon productivities and colony size (ouputs) of Botryococcus braunii showa cultures based on light intensity, temperature and dilution rate (inputs). These ...

In boreal winter, strong upper-level midlatitude troughs across the Atlantic–Africa–southwestern Asia sector generate substantial tropical–extratropical interaction and have become recognized as important factors in some ...

Instance Segmentation in general deals with detecting, segmenting and classifying individual instances of objects in an image. Underwater instance segmentation methods often involve aquatic animals like fish as the things ...

Improving our confidence in future projections of sea-level rise requires models that can simulate ice-sheet evolution both in the future and in the geological past. A physically accurate treatment of large changes in ...

Valve gaping behaviour in bivalve molluscs controls the flow of water across gills that provides both food, and oxygen for respiration. Closure of the valves also provides protection from predators and poor-quality water ...

Algal blooms are hotspots of marine primary production and play central roles in microbial ecology and global elemental cycling. Upon demise of the bloom, organic carbon is partly respired and partly transferred to either ...

About 25% of the emitted anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed by the ocean and transported to the interior through key gateways, such as the Southern Ocean or the North Atlantic. Over the next few centuries, anthropogenic CO2 is ...

Shelf seas play an important role in the global carbon cycle, absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and exporting carbon (C) to the open ocean and sediments. The magnitude of these processes is poorly constrained, ...